What Are GLP-1 Medications and How Do They Work?
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonist medications have recently gained popularity for their role in managing conditions like type 2 diabetes, high blood sugar and obesity.[1],[3] Learn how GLP-1 agonist medications work and explore the benefits and side effects of these medications.
What Is a GLP-1?
GLP-1, or glucagon-like peptide-1, is a naturally occurring hormone that’s produced by your small intestine.[1] GLP-1 agonist medications mimic this hormone. When you eat, your GLP-1 hormone triggers your pancreas to release insulin—the hormone that helps regulate your blood sugar levels.[1] At the same time, GLP-1 prevents your body from secreting glucagon, a hormone that the body uses to raise blood sugar when needed.[1] This dual action helps stabilize your blood sugar levels, especially after meals, making the GLP-1 hormone important for glucose regulation.[1]
In addition to its role in blood sugar control, the GLP-1 hormone can also impact the feelings of hunger and satiety.[1],[3] This is why it may be linked to weight management in certain individuals.[1],[3]
What Are GLP-1 Medications?
GLP-1 medications, also known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, can be used to help treat type 2 diabetes. Some GLP-1 medications can also be used to help with weight management when combined with diet and exercise.[1] These GLP-1 agonist medications bind to GLP-1 receptors to trigger the effects of the GLP-1 hormone.[1]
Common GLP-1 agonist medications include:[2],[3]
- Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
- Semaglutide (Ozempic, Rybelsus)
- Exenatide (Byetta)
- Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)
- Lixisenatide (Adlyxin)
If interested in learning more, we recommend you consult with your health care provider on the appropriate GLP-1 agonist medication for your specific needs.
How Do GLP-1 Agonists Work?
GLP-1 agonists mimic your body’s GLP-1 hormone to help stabilize blood sugar levels and help support weight management. Here’s how they work:[1],[3]
- Insulin release: GLP-1 agonist medications stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin, helping to control blood sugar levels and manage type 2 diabetes. This release of insulin slows digestion and helps to prevent rapid spikes in blood sugar after meals.
- Increased satiety: By affecting the part of your brain that controls hunger and satiety, GLP-1s can help you feel fuller after a meal, which results in a decreased food intake. When used for weight management, is it recommended that GLP-1 agonist medications are used in conjunction with lifestyle changes like a healthy diet and exercise.
Potential Side Effects of GLP-1 Medications
While GLP-1 medications can help individuals manage their weight and blood sugar, they can also come with side effects. Common side effects of these medications include:[1],[3]
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
These side effects are most likely to occur when you start taking the medication or increase your dose.[1] Talk to your healthcare provider if you are interested in learning more about GLP-1 agonist medications.
Advancements in GLP-1 Research
Ongoing research into GLP-1 medications continues to reveal their potential beyond diabetes management.[2] Some studies have shown that these drugs may help with lowering the risk of heart disease, in addition to improving blood pressure and cholesterol levels.[2] However, it’s unclear if these benefits are from the drug itself or the accompanying weight loss that some patients experience.[2]
GLP-1 medications show promise when it comes to managing diabetes, obesity and potentially other conditions.[2] If you have any questions about GLP-1s, ask your healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for your individual needs. To learn more about wellness and nutrition, check out more articles like this one on our Vitamins and Minerals hub.
* Consult with HCP on appropriate management of your GLP-1 medication. Please consult with your HCP before taking this product and use as directed on label.
Haleon does not sell, endorse, or promote the use of any particular GLP-1 medication.
